UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
______________
FORM 8-K
____________
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)
of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): May 9, 2024
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (Commission File Number) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) | |||||||||
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (800 ) 691-0952
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ☒
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o
| Item 2.02 | Results of Operations and Financial Condition. | ||||
On May 9, 2024 , Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. issued a press release announcing its financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2024. A copy of such press release is attached as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K.
The information furnished under this Item 2.02, including the press release attached as Exhibit 99.1 hereto, shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section, nor shall it be deemed incorporated by reference in any filing under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Exchange Act, except as otherwise expressly stated in such filing.
| Item 9.01 | Financial Statements and Exhibits. | ||||
(d) Exhibits.
| Exhibit No. | Description | |||||||
| 99.1 | ||||||||
SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
BRILLIANT EARTH GROUP, INC.
Date: May 9, 2024 | By: | /s/ Jeffrey Kuo | ||||||||||||||||||
| Jeffrey Kuo | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Chief Financial Officer | ||||||||||||||||||||
Brilliant Earth Reports First Quarter 2024 Results
Increased Total Orders by 13.7% and Repeat Orders by Over 20% Year-Over-Year
Increased First Quarter 2024 Gross Margin by 500 bps to 59.9%
Generated GAAP Diluted EPS of $0.01 and Adjusted Diluted EPS of $0.03
Exceeded Profitability Expectations
Reiterates Fiscal 2024 Guidance
SAN FRANCISCO, Calif. – May 9, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. (“Brilliant Earth” or the “Company”) (Nasdaq: BRLT), an innovative, global leader in ethically sourced fine jewelry, today announced financial results for the three months ended March 31, 2024.
First Quarter 2024 Financial Highlights (quarterly period ended March 31, 2024):
•Delivered net sales of $97.3 million, approximately flat year-over-year, in line with the Company's expectations and reflecting significant share gains
◦Increased total orders by 13.7% and repeat order volume by more than 20% year-over-year
◦Grew Average Selling Price (ASP) year-over-year across product lines including engagement rings, wedding bands, and fine jewelry
•Expanded gross margin by 500 basis points to 59.9% for the first quarter 2024 as compared to the prior year
•Generated strong profitability:
◦Net income was $1.1 million for the first quarter 2024; and
◦Adjusted EBITDA was $5.1 million, exceeding the Company's guidance range for the first quarter 2024
•On track to open 3 new showrooms in the second half of this year: two in Boston and the Company's first street-level location in New York City
“As a growth company, I'm pleased with our continued ability to consistently execute our strategic initiatives and deliver share gains and profitability. This was another quarter that resulted in strong total and repeat order growth, ASP increases, and strong fine jewelry performance,” said Beth Gerstein, Co-Founder and Chief Executive Officer of Brilliant Earth. “We are also pleased to report our eleventh straight quarter of positive adjusted EBITDA as a public company. We continue to drive a consistent record of gaining market share and delivering profitability through many environments with our dynamic, data-driven business model."
“We are beginning the year with positive momentum, and we believe we are in a great position to deliver on our strategic and financial goals for the full fiscal year,” said Gerstein.
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First Quarter Results
| Q1 2024 | Q1 2023 | % Change* | ||||||||||||||||||
| Total Orders | 40,525 | 35,631 | 13.7% | |||||||||||||||||
| AOV | $ | 2,402 | $ | 2,742 | (12.4)% | |||||||||||||||
($ in millions, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net Sales | $ | 97.3 | $ | 97.7 | (0.4)% | |||||||||||||||
| Gross Profit | $ | 58.3 | $ | 53.7 | 8.6% | |||||||||||||||
| Gross Margin | 59.9% | 54.9% | 500bps | |||||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) allocable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. (1) | $ | 0.1 | $ | (0.1) | 200.0% | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss), as reported | $ | 1.1 | $ | (0.4) | 342.5% | |||||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) margin | 1.1% | (0.5)% | 160bps | |||||||||||||||||
Adjusted net income (3) | $ | 2.9 | $ | 3.3 | (12.1)% | |||||||||||||||
GAAP Diluted EPS (2) | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | —% | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted Diluted EPS (3) | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.03 | —% | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA (3) | $ | 5.1 | $ | 5.5 | (8.3)% | |||||||||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA margin (3) | 5.2% | 5.7% | (50)bps | |||||||||||||||||
*Percentage changes may not recalculate due to rounding
(1) Represents net income (loss) allocable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. during the first quarter of 2024 and 2023.
(2) Represents GAAP Diluted EPS during the first quarter of 2024 and 2023.
(3) Adjusted net income, Adjusted Diluted EPS, Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin are non-GAAP financial measures. See "Disclosure Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Metrics" for additional information on non-GAAP financial measures and a reconciliation to the most comparable GAAP measures.
2024 Outlook
Second Quarter
| Net sales | Low to mid-single digit % y/y decline | |||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | Low single-digit % Adjusted EBITDA margin | |||||||
Full Year
| Net sales | $455 million - $469 million | ||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $14 million - $22 million | ||||
Webcast and Conference Call Information
Brilliant Earth will host a conference call and webcast to discuss first quarter results today, May 9, 2024, at 5:00 p.m. ET/2:00 p.m. PT. The webcast and accompanying slide presentation can be accessed at https://investors.brilliantearth.com. The conference call can be accessed by using the following link: https://register.vevent.com/register/BI8f6a96e56ae847e0a042247708efd638. After registering, an email will be sent including dial-in details and a unique conference call pin required to join the live call. A replay of the webcast will remain available on the website after the live webcast concludes.
About Brilliant Earth
Brilliant Earth is an innovative, digitally native omnichannel jewelry company and a global leader in ethically sourced fine jewelry. Led by our co-founders Beth Gerstein and Eric Grossberg, the Company’s mission since its founding in 2005 has been to create a more transparent, sustainable, compassionate and inclusive jewelry industry. Headquartered in San Francisco, CA and Denver, CO, Brilliant Earth has more than 35 showrooms across the United States and has served customers in over 50 countries worldwide.
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Disclosure Regarding Non-GAAP Financial Measures and Key Metrics
In addition to the financial measures presented in this release in accordance with U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles ("GAAP"), the Company has included certain non-GAAP financial measures in this release, including Adjusted EBITDA, Adjusted Net income, Adjusted Diluted EPS and Adjusted EBITDA margin. These non-GAAP financial measures provide users of our financial information with useful information in evaluating our operating performance and exclude certain items from net income that may vary substantially in frequency and magnitude from period to period.
We define EBITDA as net income (loss) before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We define Adjusted EBITDA as net income (loss) excluding interest expense, income taxes, depreciation expense, amortization of cloud-based software implementation costs, showroom pre-opening expense, equity-based compensation expense, certain non-operating expenses and income, and other unusual and/or infrequent costs, which that we do not consider in our evaluation of ongoing performance of our core operations. We define Adjusted EBITDA margin as Adjusted EBITDA calculated as a percentage of net sales. We believe that Adjusted EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA margin, which eliminate the impact of certain expenses that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance, provide useful information to investors to assess the performance of our business.
We define Adjusted Net income as net income (loss) adjusted for the impact of certain additional non-cash and other items that we do not consider in our evaluation of ongoing performance of our core operations. These items include showroom pre-opening expense, equity-based compensation expense, costs to fund the Brilliant Earth Foundation and transaction costs and other expenses. We define Adjusted Diluted EPS as Adjusted Net income, divided by the diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding. The diluted weighted average shares of common stock outstanding is derived from the historical diluted weighted average shares of common stock assuming such shares were outstanding for the entirety of the period presented. We believe Adjusted Net income and Adjusted diluted Earnings Per Share, which eliminate the impact of certain expenses that we do not believe reflect our underlying business performance, provide useful information to investors to assess the performance of our business.
Please refer to “GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations” located in the financial supplement in this release for a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial information.
This release includes forward-looking guidance for certain non-GAAP financial measures, including Adjusted EBITDA. These measures will differ from net income (loss), determined in accordance with GAAP, in ways similar to those described in the reconciliations at the end of this release. We are not able to provide, without unreasonable effort, guidance for net income (loss), determined in accordance with GAAP, or a reconciliation of guidance for Adjusted EBITDA to the most directly comparable GAAP measure because the Company is not able to predict with reasonable certainty the amount or nature of all items that will be included in net income (loss).
This press release also contains certain key business metrics which are used to evaluate our business and growth trends, establish budgets, measure the effectiveness of our sales and marketing efforts, and assess operational efficiencies. We define total orders as the total number of customer orders delivered less total orders returned in a given period (excluding those repair, resize, and other orders which have no revenue). We view total orders as a key indicator of the velocity of our business and an indication of the desirability of our products to our customers. Total orders, together with AOV, is an indicator of the net sales we expect to recognize in a given period. Total orders may fluctuate based on the number of visitors to our website and showrooms, and our ability to convert these visitors to customers. We believe that total orders is a measure that is useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in an analysis of ongoing operating trends. We define average order value, or AOV, as net sales in a given period divided by total orders in that period. We define average selling price, or ASP, as the total retail sales price of products sold in a given period divided by the total number of product units sold during that same period. We believe that AOV and ASP are measures that are useful to investors and management in understanding our ongoing operations and in an analysis of ongoing operating trends. AOV varies depending on the product type and number of items per order. AOV and ASP may also fluctuate as we expand into and increase our presence in additional product types and price points, and open additional showrooms.
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Forward-Looking Statements
This press release contains forward-looking statements. We intend such forward-looking statements to be covered by the safe harbor provisions for forward-looking statements contained in Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). All statements other than statements of historical facts contained in this press release may be forward-looking statements. Statements regarding our future results of operations and financial position, including expected net sales for the second quarter of 2024 and expectations regarding net sales and Adjusted EBITDA for the full year 2024, business strategy, plans and objectives of management for future operations, including, among others, statements regarding expected growth and increased market share, introduction of new products, future capital expenditures, and debt service obligations, are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terms, such as “anticipate,” “believe,” “contemplate,” “continue,” “could,” “estimate,” “evolve,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “plan,” “potential,” “predict,” “seek,” “should,” “strategy,” “target,” “will,” or “would,” or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions. Accordingly, we caution you that any such forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, assumptions, and uncertainties that are difficult to predict. You should not rely upon forward-looking statements as predictions of future events. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in these forward-looking statements are reasonable as of the date made, actual results may prove to be materially different from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties, and assumptions, including, but not limited to: fluctuations in the pricing and supply of diamonds, other gemstones, and precious metals, particularly responsibly sourced natural and lab-grown diamonds and recycled precious metals such as gold; an overall decline in the health of the economy and other factors impacting consumer spending, such as recessionary or inflationary conditions, governmental instability, war and fears of war, and natural disasters; our ability to cost-effectively turn existing customers into repeat customers or acquire new customers; our rapid growth in recent years and limited operating experience at our current scale of operations; our ability to manage growth effectively; increased lead times, supply shortages, and supply changes; our expansion plans in the United States; our ability to compete in the fine jewelry retail industry; our ability to maintain and enhance our brand and to engage or expand our base of customers; our ability to effectively develop and expand our sales and marketing capabilities and increase our customer base and achieve broader market acceptance of our e-commerce and omnichannel approach to shopping for fine jewelry; our profitability and cash flow being negatively affected if we are not successful in managing our inventory balances and inventory shrinkage; a decline in sales of Design Your Own rings; our ability to manage growth effectively; our heavy reliance on our information technology systems, as well as those of our third-party vendors and service providers, for our business to effectively operate and to safeguard confidential information and risks related to any significant failure, inadequacy or interruption of these systems, security breaches or loss of data; the impact of environmental, social, and governance matters on our business and reputation; our ability to manage risks related to our e-commerce and omnichannel business; our ability to effectively anticipate and respond to changes in consumer preferences and shopping patterns; and introduce new products and programs that appeal to new or existing customers; our dependence on distributions from Brilliant Earth, LLC, our principal asset, to pay our taxes and expenses, including payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement; risks related to our obligations to make substantial cash payments under the Tax Receivable Agreement and risks related to our organizational structure; and the other risks, uncertainties and the factors described in the section titled “Risk Factors” in our Annual Report on Form10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, which filing is available at www.sec.gov. We qualify all of our forward-looking statements by these cautionary statements. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this press release. Except as required by applicable law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements contained in this press release, whether as a result of any new information, future events or otherwise.
Contacts:
Investors:
investorrelations@brilliantearth.com
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BRILLIANT EARTH GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
| Three months ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Net sales | $ | 97,337 | $ | 97,698 | ||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 39,031 | 44,022 | ||||||||||||
| Gross profit | 58,306 | 53,676 | ||||||||||||
| Operating expenses: | ||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and administrative | 57,429 | 53,766 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) from operations | 877 | (90) | ||||||||||||
| Interest expense | (1,214) | (1,206) | ||||||||||||
| Other income, net | 1,477 | 843 | ||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before tax | 1,140 | (453) | ||||||||||||
| Income tax (expense) benefit | (73) | 13 | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) | $ | 1,067 | $ | (440) | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) allocable to non-controlling interest | 928 | (388) | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss) allocable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. | $ | 139 | $ | (52) | ||||||||||
| Earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||
| Basic | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Diluted | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| Weighted average shares of common stock outstanding: | ||||||||||||||
| Basic | 12,736,014 | 11,387,936 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted | 97,850,288 | 11,387,936 | ||||||||||||
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BRILLIANT EARTH GROUP, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(Unaudited and in thousands, except share amounts)
| March 31, | December 31, | ||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | ||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||
| Current assets: | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 147,454 | $ | 155,809 | |||||||
| Restricted cash | 213 | 211 | |||||||||
| Inventories, net | 38,905 | 37,788 | |||||||||
| Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 11,183 | 11,048 | |||||||||
| Total current assets | 197,755 | 204,856 | |||||||||
| Property and equipment, net | 21,679 | 22,047 | |||||||||
| Deferred tax assets | 9,495 | 9,745 | |||||||||
| Operating lease right of use assets | 36,258 | 34,248 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 3,012 | 2,687 | |||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 268,199 | $ | 273,583 | |||||||
| Liabilities and stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Current liabilities: | |||||||||||
| Accounts payable | $ | 2,473 | $ | 4,511 | |||||||
| Accrued expenses and other current liabilities | 33,599 | 43,824 | |||||||||
| Deferred revenue | 22,815 | 19,556 | |||||||||
| Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 5,372 | 4,993 | |||||||||
| Current portion of long-term debt | 4,469 | 4,063 | |||||||||
| Total current liabilities | 68,728 | 76,947 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt, net of debt issuance costs | 54,337 | 55,573 | |||||||||
| Operating lease liabilities | 37,262 | 35,572 | |||||||||
| Payable pursuant to the Tax Receivable Agreement | 8,014 | 8,035 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities | 168,341 | 176,127 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| Stockholders' equity | |||||||||||
| Preferred stock, $0.0001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | — | — | |||||||||
| Class A common stock, $0.0001 par value, 1,200,000,000 shares authorized; 13,044,670 shares issued and 13,012,299 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and 12,522,146 shares outstanding at December 31, 2023 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||
| Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 35,756,276 and 35,688,349 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 4 | 4 | |||||||||
| Class C common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; 49,119,976 shares outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | 5 | 5 | |||||||||
| Class D common stock, $0.0001 par value, 150,000,000 shares authorized; none issued and outstanding at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | — | — | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 8,978 | 8,275 | |||||||||
| Treasury stock, at cost; 32,371 shares and none at March 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively | (100) | — | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 4,386 | 4,247 | |||||||||
| Stockholders' equity attributable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. | 13,274 | 12,532 | |||||||||
| Non-controlling interests attributable to Brilliant Earth, LLC | 86,584 | 84,924 | |||||||||
| Total stockholders' equity | 99,858 | 97,456 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities and stockholders' equity | $ | 268,199 | $ | 273,583 | |||||||
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GAAP to Non-GAAP Reconciliations
(Unaudited and in thousands, except share and per share amounts)
ADJUSTED EBITDA AND ADJUSTED EBITDA MARGIN
| Three months ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
| Net income (loss), as reported | $ | 1,067 | $ | (440) | ||||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,214 | 1,206 | ||||||||||||
| Income tax expense (benefit) | 73 | (13) | ||||||||||||
| Depreciation expense | 1,203 | 951 | ||||||||||||
| Amortization of cloud-based software implementation costs | 205 | 124 | ||||||||||||
| Showroom pre-opening expense | 213 | 1,772 | ||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation expense | 2,587 | 2,258 | ||||||||||||
Other income, net (1) | (1,477) | (843) | ||||||||||||
Transaction costs and other expense (2) | — | 532 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA | $ | 5,085 | $ | 5,547 | ||||||||||
| Net income (loss) margin | 1.1 | % | (0.5) | % | ||||||||||
| Adjusted EBITDA margin | 5.2 | % | 5.7 | % | ||||||||||
(1)Other income, net consists primarily of interest and other miscellaneous income, partially offset by expenses such as losses on exchange rates on consumer payments.
(2)These expenses are those that we did not incur in the normal course of business.
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ADJUSTED NET INCOME AND ADJUSTED DILUTED EARNINGS PER SHARE
| Three months ended March 31, | ||||||||||||||
| 2024 | 2023 | |||||||||||||
Net income (loss) attributable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc., as reported (1) | $ | 139 | $ | (52) | ||||||||||
Net income (loss) impact from assumed redemption of all LLC Units to common stock (2) | 928 | (388) | ||||||||||||
| Net income (loss), as reported | 1,067 | (440) | ||||||||||||
Income tax (expense) benefit associated with conversion (3) | (237) | 100 | ||||||||||||
| Tax effected net income (loss) after assumed conversion | 830 | (340) | ||||||||||||
| Equity-based compensation expense | 2,587 | 2,258 | ||||||||||||
| Showroom pre-opening expense | 213 | 1,772 | ||||||||||||
Transaction costs and other expense(4) | — | 532 | ||||||||||||
| Tax impact of adjustments | (714) | (962) | ||||||||||||
Adjusted Net Income(5) | $ | 2,916 | $ | 3,260 | ||||||||||
| Diluted weighted average of common stock assumed outstanding | 97,850,288 | 11,387,936 | ||||||||||||
| Adjustments: | ||||||||||||||
Vested LLC Units that are exchangeable for common stock(6) | — | 84,617,787 | ||||||||||||
Unvested LLC Units that are exchangeable for common stock(6) | — | 500,420 | ||||||||||||
| RSUs | — | 171,154 | ||||||||||||
| Adjusted diluted weighted average of common stock assumed outstanding | 97,850,288 | 96,677,297 | ||||||||||||
| Diluted earnings per share: | ||||||||||||||
| As reported | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | ||||||||||
| As adjusted | $ | 0.03 | $ | 0.03 | ||||||||||
(1)Represents net income allocable to Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023.
(2)It is assumed that we will elect to issue common stock upon redemption of LLC Units rather than cash settle.
(3)Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. is subject to U.S. Federal income taxes, in addition to state and local taxes with respect to its allocable share of any net taxable income of Brilliant Earth, LLC. Acquisition of LLC units by Brilliant Earth Group, Inc. causes all of the taxable income currently recognized by the members of Brilliant Earth, LLC to become taxable to the Company.
(4)These expenses are those that we did not incur in the normal course of business.
(5)The Company has removed the adjustment for "other (income) expense, net" in its calculation of Adjusted net income. This adjustment for the three months ended March 31, 2024 and 2023 principally consisted of interest income on the Company's cash balances. Prior periods have been adjusted to conform to the current year presentation.
(6)Assumes the exchange of all outstanding LLC Units for shares of common stock, resulting in the elimination of the non-controlling interest and recognition of the net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interest.
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